Who is the Lord of the Flies? What is the conch and what does it symbolize? How does Simon die? Why does Jack start his own tribe? Do the boys get rescued from the island? Why is Ralph chosen to be the chief? Why does Jack think he should be the chief? Who is the first boy to die on the island? Why does Jack hate Ralph?
What is the beast? What does Simon want to tell the other boys? Lord of the Flies. Plot Summary. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does.
Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of every Shakespeare play. Sign Up. Already have an account? Sign in. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Literature Poetry Lit Terms Shakescleare. Download this LitChart! Teachers and parents! Struggling with distance learning? This person studies the facts and provides commentary based on either facts or judgments, or both.
An expert witness adds authority and credibility to an argument. Personal observation: Personal observation is similar to testimony, but personal observation consists of your testimony. It reflects what you know to be true because you have experiences and have formed either opinions or judgments about them. In any job where you devise a plan, you will need to support the steps that you lay out. This is an area in which you would incorporate primary support into your writing. Choosing only the most specific and relevant information to expand upon the steps will ensure that your plan appears well thought out and precise.
You can consult a vast pool of resources to gather support for your stance. Citing relevant information from reliable sources ensures that your reader will take you seriously and consider your assertions. Use any of the following sources for your essay: newspapers or news organization websites, magazines, encyclopedias, and scholarly journals, which are periodicals that address topics in a specialized field.
Each body paragraph contains a topic sentence that states one aspect of your thesis and then expands upon it. Like the thesis statement, each topic sentence should be specific and supported by concrete details, facts, or explanations.
As you read in Chapter 5 : Putting Your Ideas into Your Own Words and Paragraphs , topic sentences indicate the location and main points of the basic arguments of your essay.
These sentences are vital to writing your body paragraphs because they always refer back to and support your thesis statement. Topic sentences are linked to the ideas you have introduced in your thesis, thus reminding readers what your essay is about.
A paragraph without a clearly identified topic sentence may be unclear and scattered, just like an essay without a thesis statement.
Unless your teacher instructs otherwise, you should include at least three body paragraphs in your essay. The following topic sentence is a primary support point for the thesis. The topic sentence states exactly what the controlling idea of the paragraph is. Later, you will see the writer immediately provide support for the sentence. In Self — Practice Exercise 5. Now we are going to build onto the formal sentence outline you constructed in Self — Practice Exercise 5.
Take each point and incorporate it into a topic sentence for each body paragraph. Collaboration : P lease share with a classmate and compare your answers. After deciding which primary support points you will use as your topic sentences, you must add details to clarify and demonstrate each of those points.
These supporting details provide examples, facts, or evidence that support the topic sentence. The writer drafts possible supporting detail sentences for each primary support sentence based on the thesis statement:.
The following paragraph contains supporting detail sentences for the primary support sentence the topic sentence , which is underlined. Using the three topic sentences you composed for the thesis statement in Self — Practice Exercise 6.
You have the option of writing your topic sentences in one of three ways. You can state it at the beginning of the body paragraph, or at the end of the paragraph, or you do not have to write it at all. One that is not written at all is called an implied topic sentence. An implied topic sentence lets readers form the main idea for themselves. For beginning writers, it is best to not use implied topic sentences because it makes it harder to focus your writing.
Your instructor may also want to clearly identify the sentences that support your thesis. Print out the first draft of your essay and use a highlighter to mark your topic sentences in the body paragraphs. Make sure they are clearly stated and accurately present your paragraphs, as well as accurately reflect your thesis. If your topic sentence contains information that does not exist in the rest of the paragraph, rewrite it to more accurately match the rest of the paragraph.
Picture your introduction as a storefront window: you have a certain amount of space to attract your customers readers to your goods subject and bring them inside your store discussion. Once you have enticed them with something intriguing, you then point them in a specific direction and try to make the sale convince them to accept your thesis. Your introduction is an invitation to your readers to consider what you have to say and then to follow your train of thought as you expand upon your thesis statement.
If your introductory paragraph is dull or disjointed, your reader probably will not have much interest in continuing with the essay. In the next few sentences, introduce them to your topic by stating general facts or ideas about the subject. As you move deeper into your introduction, you gradually narrow the focus, moving closer to your thesis.
Moving smoothly and logically from your introductory remarks to your thesis statement can be achieved using a funnel technique , as illustrated in Figure 6. On a sheet of paper, jot down a few general remarks that you can make about the topic for which you formed a thesis in Self — Practice Exercise 5.
You can garner curiosity for your essay in a number of ways. Try to get your readers personally involved by doing any of the following:. Remember that your diction, or word choice, while always important, is most crucial in your introductory paragraph. Boring diction could extinguish any desire a person might have to read through your discussion. Choose words that create images or express action. In this chapter, Mariah writes her introduction and conclusion for the same essay. Mariah incorporates some of the introductory elements into her introductory paragraph, which she previously outlined.
Her thesis statement is underlined. If you have trouble coming up with a provocative statement for your opening, it is a good idea to use a relevant, attention-grabbing quote about your topic. Use a search engine to find statements made by historical or significant figures about your subject. In your job field, you may be required to write a speech for an event, such as an awards banquet or a dedication ceremony. Using the same techniques, such as a provocative quote or an interesting statistic, is an effective way to engage your listeners.
Using the funnel approach also introduces your audience to your topic and then presents your main idea in a logical manner. It is not unusual to want to rush when you approach your conclusion, and even experienced writers may fade by the time they get to the end.
But what good writers remember is that it is vital to put just as much attention into the conclusion as the rest of the essay. After all, a hasty ending can undermine an otherwise strong essay. A conclusion that does not correspond to the rest of your essay, has loose ends, or is unorganized can unsettle your readers and raise doubts about the entire essay.
However, if you have worked hard to write the introduction and body, your conclusion can often be the most logical part to compose. Keep in mind that the ideas in your conclusion must conform to the rest of your essay.
In order to tie these components together, restate your thesis at the beginning of your conclusion. This helps you assemble, in an orderly fashion, all the information you have explained in the body. Repeating your thesis reminds your readers of the major arguments you have been trying to prove and also indicates that your essay is drawing to a close.
A strong conclusion also reviews your main points and emphasizes the importance of the topic. The construction of the conclusion is similar to the introduction, in which you make general introductory statements and then present your thesis. The difference is that in the conclusion you first paraphrase , or state in different words, your thesis and then follow up with general concluding remarks. These sentences should progressively broaden the focus of your thesis and manoeuvre your readers out of the essay.
Many writers like to end their essays with a final emphatic statement. This strong closing statement will cause your readers to continue thinking about the implications of your essay; it will make your conclusion, and thus your essay, more memorable.
Another powerful technique is to challenge your readers to make a change in either their thoughts or their actions. Challenging your readers to see the subject through new eyes is a powerful way to ease yourself and your readers out of the essay. When closing your essay, do not expressly state that you are drawing to a close. Relying on statements such as in conclusion, it is clear that, as you can see, or in summation is unnecessary and can be considered trite.
Introducing new material in your conclusion has an unsettling effect on your reader. When you raise new points, you make your reader want more information, which you could not possibly provide in the limited space of your final paragraph. Contradicting or changing your thesis statement causes your readers to think that you do not actually have a conviction about your topic. After all, you have spent several paragraphs adhering to a singular point of view.
When you change sides or open up your point of view in the conclusion, your reader becomes less inclined to believe your original argument. By apologizing for your opinion or stating that you know it is tough to digest, you are in fact admitting that even you know what you have discussed is irrelevant or unconvincing.
You do not want your readers to feel this way. Effective writers stand by their thesis statement and do not stray from it. On a sheet of a paper, restate your thesis from Self — Practice Exercise 5. Next, compose a final emphatic statement. Finally, incorporate what you have written into a strong conclusion paragraph for your essay. Collaboration: P lease share with a classmate and compare your answers. Mariah incorporates some of these pointers into her conclusion.
She has paraphrased her thesis statement in the first sentence. Make sure your essay is balanced by not having an excessively long or short introduction or conclusion. Check that they match each other in length as closely as possible, and try to mirror the formula you used in each. Harkening back to his new appreciation for the power of thought, Ralph lays out his concerns about both plans and asserts, "So we've got to think.
Remaining all the time on the platform will not work due to lack of fire, food, and space. Ralph is able to keep the group's focus on the hope for rescue, despite Jack's attack on his authority. Fear brings out the dictator in Jack. He attempts to take control of the group, claiming this situation is "a hunter's job" in which Ralph is not qualified to command. Showing yet again no mercy for the helpless or vulnerable, he advocates abandoning the littluns without a guardian while everyone else goes on the hunt.
Like a dictator, he assigns a high value only to those he finds useful or agreeable to his views and looks to silence those who do not please him. Making a pitch for censorship, Jack declares, "We don't need the conch any more. We know who ought to say things. What good did Simon do speaking?
Yet Simon is the only boy who has insight into the nature of the true beast, the abstraction that Jack feels watching him in the jungle. Pondering all the characteristics of this animal beast Samneric seem to have discovered, Simon sees that all the pieces don't add up: If this beast had claws and wings, why was it not fast or fierce enough to catch Samneric?
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