Therefore, adding this material to paper for the endoergic reaction at the crystal decomposition temperature creates flame-resistant paper. In addition, since its surface electric charge is cationic, this material is fixed firmly to pulp in the water because it is anionic.
Titanium oxide has been used as an agent to enhance whiteness and concealment and can be classified into the following two types: anatase type and rutile type. The anatase type has a little lower light resistance than the rutile type. Photocatalysts have been covered widely in the media in recent years as a product focusing on light resistance, which is a shortcoming of anatase-type titanium oxide. Photocatalyst-type titanium oxide has the property of decomposing organic materials and is used for environmental purification.
Vermiculite is produced as altered mica. Through special high-heat processing, vermiculite expands and becomes a material with high porosity and low apparent density. This material is characterized by superior heat resistance, sound absorption, light in weight, moisture adsorption, positive ion exchange performance, wear resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance.
The sheets are expected to be developed by using such characteristics. Zeolite is characterized by the property of absorbing polar gases and has excellent water vapor adsorption properties. For this reason, this material is frequently used for desiccants and humidity conditioning for air conditioning.
In addition, this is also effective as a deodorant because it absorbs malodorous components like ammonia and sulphureted hydrogen. It was established during the Third Plan, but started operating in It was set up with Soviet help. Iron ore for the plant comes from Kiriburu in Kendujhar district of Orissa and partly from Salem, Mangalore and Ratnagiri by sea route.
Coal comes from Jharia and power is supplied by the DVC. Limestone supplies are drawn from Bhavantpur and Daltonganj in the Palamau district, and dolomite from Bilaspur in Madhya Pradesh. The location of the steel plant is favourable, as it is nearest to the industrial region of southern Uttar Pradesh Varanasi, Kanpur, Ferozabad, Mugalserai and also has access to Delhi and Amritsar.
The plant at Salem in Tamil Nadu was planned during the Fourth Plan, but it could come into operation only in Earlier, due to lack of suitable raw materials in the area for making iron by the conventional blast furnace process, the proposal for a steel plant could not get materialised.
Salem area is rich in iron ore and this iron ore is beneficiated to a higher grade concentrate, agglomerated and then smelted in electric furnace. The Salem plant produces stainless steel. The Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, which came into operation in , is the first plant in the shore region. It is also the most sophisticated modern integrated steel plant in the country. A number of modern technological features have been incorporated in the plant.
Being located at a port site, the plant has the flexibility to opt for imported coking coal, thereby relieving the pressure on Indian coal mines. Also, its products can be easily exported. Visakhapatnam is well connected with the coalfields of Damodar Valley. The iron ore deposits are obtained from Bailadila in Chhattisgarh.
Fluxes like limestone, refractories and ferroalloys can be obtained from the adjacent areas. Neelachal Ispat Nigam Ltd. The integrated steel plants mainly produce mild steel and alloy steel, including stainless steel. These plants are located in areas away from the integrated steel plants to meet the demand there. Their period of construction and gestation is short and they offer greater flexibility in operation. It was in the year that the Singhbhum Copper Company was formed to undertake mining operations at Saraikela.
The unit consists of Khetri and Kolihan mines, a matching concentrator plant, smelter, electrolytic refinery and wire bar casting plants. The Khetri Copper Complex is an integrated copper mining- cum-metallurgical unit—by-product is sulphuric acid and fertiliser triple superphosphate is also manufactured. The Malanjkhand copper project in Madhya Pradesh is the first large sized open cast mine and has been developed mainly to supply copper concentrates to Khetri to enable the plant to achieve the target capacity.
It was in the year that the country saw, for the first time, aluminium production at Alupuram Reduction Works of the Indian Aluminium Company. Later, this company was converted into a public sector company in Besides mining of ore, the aluminium industry has four distinct stages, viz. The location of the aluminium industry is governed mainly by the availability of bauxite.
It has been found that to produce — one tonne of aluminium of 50 per cent or more content, nine tonnes of bauxite, 0. Hence, the aluminium industry is mostly located in areas producing bauxite and having relatively cheap availability of hydro-electricity as in West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
In order to achieve the economics of scale, a second smelter was set up at Hirakud, Orissa. It also has a smelter at Angul, Orissa. In India the main source of lead and zinc ores is the Zawar deposits of Rajasthan.
The paucity of ore supplies has been largely responsible for the rather late and slow development of the lead-zinc smelting industry in the country. Two smelters are under production: the Debari zinc smelters of Udaipur and the Vizag lead smelter plant at Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh.
Cement, an important infrastructure core industry, is one of the most advanced industries in the country. The country was deficient in cement and it had to resort to imports to fill the gaps in supplies until the complete decontrol of price and distribution on March 1, and introduction of other policy reforms; since then, the cement industry has made rapid strides. Cement is made mainly from limestone and clay. Other raw materials include shale, coal and gypsum.
Thus, cement factories are located near limestone deposits. Since coal and gypsum are brought generally from long distances and cement has to be dispatched to far-off consuming centres, the cement plants are located close to rail routes.
Sludge from fertiliser plants, blast furnace slag and sea-shells are used instead of limestone in some cement plants. For instance, the cement plants at Bhadravati Karnataka and Chaibasa Jharkhand use slag and the plant at Sindri uses sludge. Iron oxide. It provides the pigment that helps color match the shade to your skin. Titanium dioxide: An active ingredient in mineral sunscreens also used in color cosmetics for its ability to help blur imperfections.
Mineral oil is a colorless, odorless substance that is derived from petroleum. Due to its low cost, mineral oil is a common ingredient in baby and beauty products — from lotions and ointments to makeup removers. It is something that we choose not to put in any of our products and instead choose to formulate with plant derived alternatives like safflower and jojoba oils.
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